阿特金斯饮食法
“阿特金斯饮食是一种高蛋白,低碳水化合物的减肥饮食,医学博士,由罗伯特·阿特金斯在20世纪60年代开发的。 阿特金斯博士在20世纪90年代初,他的饮食营养聚光灯带入出版他的畅销书“博士 阿特金斯的新饮食革命“。
阿特金斯饮食,严重制约了富含碳水化合物的食物消费和鼓励消费的蛋白质和脂肪 。 饮食分为四个阶段:诱导,持续减肥,预维护和维护。 在诱导期(第14天的饮食),碳水化合物的摄入量限制在每天不超过20克。 没有水果,面包,谷类,淀粉类蔬菜,奶制品(奶酪,奶油,和黄油除外)被允许在这个阶段。 在持续的减肥阶段,节食实验与各级碳水化合物的消耗碳水化合物的摄入量,直到他们确定最宽松的水平,使他们能够继续减肥。 鼓励节食保持碳水化合物的摄入量的水平,直到满足他们的减肥目标。 在预维护和保养阶段,节食确定的碳水化合物的消耗水平,使他们能够保持自己的体重。 为了防止体重恢复,节食被告知要保持这种碳水化合物的消耗水平,也许他们的生活休息。 据阿特金斯博士,大多数人必须限制其碳水化合物的摄入量每天不超过60克,失去了重量。 除了上面讨论的限制饮食,阿特金斯医生建议他的减肥计划的一部分,经常锻炼和营养补充。
注:各组织发出的饮食建议,包括美国农业部,国家卫生研究院,美国心脏协会,鼓励每天约300克的碳水化合物的摄入量。 为了保持健康,你将需要消耗5倍以上的阿特金斯在他的饮食规定。 可以没有遇到任何副作用的人最后这样的饮食,足够长的时间? 如果减肥者敢于欺骗这一方案,其结果可能是有害的,重量可以很容易被收复,已失去了在饮食的两倍多。 快速的体重增加带来最终抑郁,节食者最终将达到减肥前他原来的体重。
什么是如此有吸引力,所以许多人已申请的时间和精力的饮食有关吗?
高蛋白饮食是当下的时尚方案。 他们减肥的理论,包括吃大量的动物蛋白和跳绳的碳水化合物,如面包,米饭和面食。 这些饮食背后的理论是,如果你对动物蛋白的加载了,你会觉得更全面的更快,所以你最终少吃。
阿特金斯饮食法是有吸引力的尝试失败,失去对低体重的减肥脂肪 ,低热量的饮食。 阿特金斯减肥者可以吃多少卡路里所需的蛋白质和脂肪 ,碳水化合物的消耗量受到限制。 因此,许多阿特金斯节食摆脱饥饿和贫困,伴随着其他的减肥方案的感情。
阿特金斯饮食法的基本前提是,高糖和精制碳水化合物的饮食会导致体重增加,并最终导致肥胖。 这种饮食增加胰岛素(由胰腺分泌的一种激素)的生产。 当胰岛素水平都很高,我们吃的食物是快速,轻松地将转换成脂肪 ,储存在我们的细胞。 通过限制碳水化合物的消耗,对胰岛素的生产正在放缓。 此外,缺乏可获得的碳水化合物(身体的首选燃料来源),迫使身体燃烧储存的脂肪作为能量。
评论家说什么?
Many nutrition experts disagree with the basic premise of the Atkins Diet – the notion that high-carbohydrate, low- fat diets cause obesity. For evidence of the implausibility of the Atkins Diet, some nutritionists point out that the traditional Japanese diet is very high in carbohydrates, low in protein, and very low in fat ; however, before the introduction of high- fat and high-protein Western foods, being overweight was rare in Japan. Such findings make sense because ounce for ounce, carbohydrates contain far fewer calories than fat s (4 calories from carbohydrates versus 9 calories from fat ). These critics blame the over-consumption of calories (from any source) and lack of physical activity as the primary causes of obesity.
One concern about a high-protein diet stems from all the saturated fat s one eats – those fat s that we're told cause high cholesterol, clogged arteries and, eventually, heart disease. Critics also express concern about the impact of the Atkins Diet on the overall health of the dieter. Depending on the foods chosen by the dieter, the diet may contain a large amount of saturated fat and trans fat , putting those at risk for heart disease in danger. Recent research has found that high-protein diets speed up the progression of arteriosclerosis, the main cause of heart attacks. Moreover, contrary to Atkins' claims, extremely low- fat diets have been found to reverse heart disease. In addition, the lack of grains, fruits, and vegetables in the Atkins Diet may lead to deficiencies of key nutrients, including dietary fiber, vitamin C, folic acid, and several minerals. Finally, high protein diets may increase the risk of osteoporosis and accelerate the rate of deterioration in kidney function associated with aging.
Critics concede that Atkins dieters often experience significant weight loss during the initial stages of the diet. However, these critics argue that the diet has a diuretic effect and that the initial weight loss is due to water loss, not fat loss. Eventually the body restores its water and sodium balance, and the rate of weight loss declines. Critics also note that there is no evidence showing that the Atkins diet leads to greater weight loss than do other diets that provide more carbohydrates, yet the same number of calories.Critics also note high-protein diets can lead to dangerous imbalances – bone loss and kidney problems – because too much protein can overwork the kidneys.
Dr. Atkins was the first person who brought a low-carbohydrates diet to major prominence in the US and I credit him for defying “the system” and offering a weight loss plan that works for some people. He presents scientific fact, but for the most part his recent book provides anecdotal information from many of his patients.
Dr. Atkins claims that some people have a condition of “hyper-insulinism”, in which they produce excess amounts of insulin when they eat carbohydrates, which in turn causes fat storage, diabetes, and a craving for more carbohydrates. This theory is scientifically logical but has not been accepted as proven by the medical community.
In Dr. Atkins' “maintenance phase”, he advises that persons increase their carbohydrate intake to the point where they do not gain or lose weight.
All that is great, however, how can we understand the whole concept behind his diets and why do people truly believe in it? How does it actually work?
Insulin is a hormone, which is a substance that travels through the body and stimulates chemical reactions. The human body has mechanisms to regulate how much of each hormone is produced, so that their effects can be controlled. With insulin, however, there is no “shut-off” switch as there is with other hormones. The digestion of carbohydrates produces insulin, and there is no way to stop its activity once it is present in the bloodstream. There is also no way to prevent it from being produced when carbohydrates are consumed, even if these are in excess of what the body needs for fuel.
So, the more carbohydrates you consume, the more insulin the pancreas will produce to help digest the sugars of the carbohydrates. The more insulin that is being produced, the more stored fat will be sent to the cells, especially to those around your waist.
I believe Dr. Atkins' diet may be useful for persons who are very sensitive to carbohydrates and have extremely slow metabolic rates.
Dr. Atkins' diet does not restrict protein intake, which is the correct approach. However, his advice to add carbohydrate grams for the maintenance phase so that continued weight loss does not occur is not scientifically sound. There is no indication that a person will continue to lose weight below his ideal bodyweight, taking in consideration his body type and metabolism. Your body is predisposed to a certain weight, even though you interrupt carbohydrates consumption from your diet, the body will still maintain the same weight. After that phase, you will simply need to maintain it and be happy with it.
Extreme dieters will need to understand that all the information mentioned above and below these lines is to make you realize some facts that you've never taken the time to research. When a diet becomes popular, people jump on it without researching in more detail what it can do for their bodies or if the diet fits their standard. It is not because “John Doe has lost some weight on this specific diet” that you will have a similar result. The same goes for diet pills: be careful with them. If they work temporarily for some people, it doesn't necessarily mean they will have the same effect on you.
As for me, experiencing my own programs enabled me to lose weight, maintain it and still eat as much as I want of the right foods. I eat and exercise plenty.
Remember that moderation is important. If you want to eat something that is not healthy, go ahead and eat it. However, make sure to moderate the rest of the day with the right food. The following information should be helpful when it comes to moderation regarding a well-balanced diet.
Here are some good reasons to avoid high-protein diets:
1。 They violate almost every known fact about nutritionally balanced eating. For some dieters, these diets can even be life threatening.
2。 Popular high protein diet foods are high in cholesterol and saturated fat , which are now established as major culprits in heart attacks and strokes.
3。 They overload you with protein, which results in loss of calcium from your bones, which may lead to osteoporosis. Protein overload also pressurizes your kidneys as they try to eliminate large amounts of urea, a by-product of protein metabolism.
4。 They forbid foods known to lower the risk of heart disease and many cancers.
5。 They deprive you of carbohydrates, the nutrient group most readily converted to energy. Even moderately active people will notice this lack during exercise.
6。 They deprive your brain of glucose, which it needs for normal functioning. The result is a slowdown in thinking and reaction time.
7。 They deprive you of the enormous benefits of fiber, which is a form of carbohydrate (cellulose).
8。 They are deficient in essential vitamins. Indeed, some high protein diets even require you to take vitamin supplements for the sake of your health.
9。 They cause potentially dangerous changes in your body chemistry.
10。 They deliver temporary weight loss. However, a large part of it is water weight and lean muscle mass – not fat . (You lose water because your kidneys try to get rid of the excess waste products of protein and fat , called ketones, that your body makes.)
Note: Weight gain is usually rapid when you go off the diet.
11。 Finally, it's worth knowing that while your body burns up 23 calories for every 10o carbohydrate calories it digests, it only burns up 3 calories for every 100 “ fat ” calories it digests. Therefore, a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet makes it easier for you to stay fat !
FYI (For Your Information):
The average Western diet contains TOO MUCH fat .
That's why an estimated 1 in 3 American children are overweight!
That's why heart disease is the No. 1 killer in America and Europe.
We should be eating less fat , not more.
High protein diets encourage high- fat eating and – for this reason alone – should be avoided.
What are those medical miracles that are being publicized to consumers for their rapid weight loss programs? The magazine Self, in March of 2002 investigated some of the programs that are simply bogus.
“Healthy weight loss” is not a particularly sexy marketing slogan. It is quite impossible to sell these types of slogans to Americans: “Drop pounds by eating fewer calories and increasing physical activity!” Instead, manufacturers of weight loss concoctions resort to selling their products with dubious promises of magically speedy results. Thankfully, separating fact from fiction is easy.
Try to separate bogus slogan from reality:
o “Lose 30 pounds in just 30 days” – Very tempting, isn't it? However, it is physically impossible to lose so much weight in such a short time. Moreover, it is not healthy. You could only hurt your health throughout the process and I can reassure you, you will gain back the weight faster than a speeding bullet.
o “Lose weight while you sleep” – Yeah! Heard that one before. If all you have to do is sip a magical potion or swallow a miracle pill, the product is as likely to be as real as your “wet dreams” at night.
o “Lose weight and keep it off for good” – The only permanent weight loss plan involves changing your diet and exercise regimen. It is all about burning more calories than you are consuming. It's all about simple mathematics. You burn more than what you ingest.
o “John Doe lost 90 pounds in just six weeks”. Yes, and I am Superman! As I said previously, it is very dangerous to try to lose that much weight in such a short period. Let's analyze this slogan. We'll have some fun!
One pound equals 3,500 calories. You will need to reduce your diet by over 315,000 calories (90 pounds x 3,500 calories) during that 6-week period. Now how is that going to happen? Let's say your body needs 2,000/day calories to function. That equals 14,000 calories weekly, right? Multiply that by 6 weeks. That equals 84,000 calories for 6 weeks. Now, I am not a rocket scientist, but do you get my point? You will actually need to fast for 6 weeks in a row, and still have to burn an extra 231,000 by exercising. What are these morons thinking when they try to advertise these slogans to the American people? I would suggest that they go back to school and retake elementary math. It seems they can't even do a simple calculation.
Bottom line, ladies and gentlemen. There is NO MIRACLE DIET. Quit being triggered to spend your money by these bogus slogans.
Low Carbohydrate Diets
We all love carbohydrates. Pasta, bread, rice and potato are America favorite foods, to say the least. However, we all know that they contain ingredients that can lead to what we are most afraid of: being overweight. The problem with carbohydrates is that they cause the body to produce insulin. However, insulin turns carbohydrates into sugar, and whatever sugar we don't use right away gets stored in the body as fat .
On the other hand, a lack of carbohydrates tricks the body into thinking it's starving, at which point it flicks on an internal switch that causes the body to burn its own fat . This is called ketosis. We did mention that if the body doesn't use the extra sugar produced by the intake of carbohydrates, it would be stored in fat . Hmmm, now what about exercise? Have we thought about that?
After studying in depth the way the human body's nutritional processes work, and considering the type of diet these processes evolved with, I must conclude that consuming carbohydrates in limited amounts (not eating a whole pizza, loaf of bread, or a pound of french fries) is the most natural and healthy way for us to eat, not just for weight loss but for ongoing weight and health maintenance – even for people who do not have a weight problem. The “low carb diet” has become extremely popular in the United States in the past few years and continues to have a large following despite the frequent criticisms by various diet experts. Although many of them are without scientific validity, some of them are on target, especially when considering the calorie intakes of some of the formulas presented.
There is a major issue here with all of these plans – that is whether the diet is being used merely for weight loss, or for long-term weight maintenance. As a weight loss diet, any of these plans can work. However, if they are then discarded and previous eating habits are restored, it is likely that any weight lost will be regained, as with any short-term diet. Eventually, going off the low carb diet can definitely promote weight gain in excess of that which was lost, due to metabolic changes that occur. The only sensible way to use a low carb diet for weight loss is to remain on this type of diet on an ongoing basis afterward. The question then asked, “Is it safe for weight loss” and “is it safe for ongoing use as an eating plan?”
Americans now eat more carbohydrates than ever – 50 more pounds per person, per year, than a decade ago (ABC.NEWS). Carbohydrate-related diseases have also reached a peak. After decades of being warned away from fat s, many people have turned to carbohydrates instead. At the same time, obesity levels in the country are greater than ever.
Is there a connection? Do carbohydrates lead people to become obese? Experts in the field have different opinions.
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Biochemist Barry Sears, author of the best selling low-carbohydrate diet book The Zone, believes carbohydrates do cause people to gain weight. He has developed a controversial theory that suggests that people who eat a lot of carbohydrates get caught up in a cycle of overeating because carbohydrates can be addictive in a way other foods are not. People who critique Sears' theory have various problems with it, including some of his basic premises that carbohydrates lead to weight gain or that carbohydrates are more addictive than other foods. Zone dieting is designed to avoid ketosis, which the author claims causes one to lose muscle weight even with high protein diets. The author also claims that high levels of protein in a meal cause high insulin levels, which converts the protein into fat .
The concept of The Zone is that food should be treated like a prescription drug that is designed to promote the desired hormonal response throughout the day. The hormones in question are insulin, glucagon, and eicosanoids. Insulin and glucagon are well known hormones, and their functions are described accurately.
Sears says eating lots of carbohydrates triggers a flood of insulin. Because there is so much insulin, sugars are cleared from the blood so quickly that people feel hungry again after a very short period. Therefore, carbohydrates drive the sugar level up and then the insulin drives it down. The obesity crisis in America is a result of “carbohydrate hell.” Sears suggests that eating a lot of carbohydrates triggers a biological mechanism that lowers the blood sugar level and leads people to need a sugar boost and therefore to crave more carbohydrates. He says the cycle of eating and craving keeps them hooked on carbohydrates and causes overeating.
“You eat a big carbohydrates meal at 12. By 3 o'clock you're hungry again. You eat more carbohydrates. By 7 you're hungry again,” Sears says. His theory accepts some of the basic principles about how the body processes carbohydrates and takes them a step further. The basic principle is that carbohydrates turn into sugars that trigger the release of insulin. The insulin routes the sugars to our muscles for energy and stores the rest as fat .
要达到“区”,必须消耗食物中的蛋白质,碳水化合物的比例为0.75,这是3克蛋白质,每4克碳水化合物,在每一餐和零食,未经允许两餐之间的时间超过5小时或小吃。 笔者转换成块的蛋白质和碳水化合物的克,并提供这些食品的名单和膳食计划。 他碳水化合物高与低血糖指标,这是一个如何快速消化碳水化合物每种食物类型的措施之间的区别。 此外,他补充脂肪的 “块”,他的餐计划,并区分不同类型的脂肪小号,建议对饱和脂肪的小号,有利于单不饱和脂肪小号,由于他们对花生酸生产的影响。 基于瘦体重和体力活动水平(同样的方法用于蛋白质电源)区中的蛋白质要求。 瘦体重的计算方法,使用标准化的图表,使用高度,臀部,腹部测量,在妇女和男子的重量,手腕和腰部测量。
计算蛋白质的需要量是不被超过,而且是在整个一天,以避免造成蛋白质的消化增加胰岛素水平传播。 因此,一个人将结束对他们的每日总摄入量的卡路里限制,因为蛋白质有一个最大的价值,碳水化合物和脂肪的摄入量是由蛋白质摄入量测。
这本书的第二个一半是开发区节食如何可以改善许多的健康状况,主要是基于对花生酸活动的描述。
在这个程序中,作者提供了太多的碳水化合物在饮食事业的优秀的科学解释脂肪储存。 整个设计区饮食也是一个非常科学的方式解释,但是,它大大缺乏科学证据来支持它。 是正确的概念,提供更高水平的碳水化合物,避免酮症,这是一个条件,可能是长期的危险,但因为限制摄取的蛋白质,碳水化合物, 脂肪 ,很可能是不足的热量和碳水化合物可对于大多数人来说,以避免酮症。 换句话说,酮症,从饥饿的结果 - 热量太少,满足基本需求 - 可以很容易地发生在许多人根据他们的计算每日摄入量。 也有可能是在饮食中摄入足够的蛋白质,以防止肌肉质量损失。
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